These strings are generally used to set the mood of a raga at the very beginning of a presentation. Physical description Anatomy of a sitarĪ sitar can have 18, 19, 20, or 21 strings 6 or 7 of these run over curved, raised frets and are played strings the remainder are sympathetic strings ( tarb, also known as taarif or tarafdaar), running underneath the frets and resonating in sympathy with the played strings. The beginnings of the modern 7-string tuning were present too. The instrument had 5 strings by this time. īy about 1725, the name sitar was used in the Hammir-raso by Jodhraj, a Rajasthan author. The bowl, which had been made of glued lathes of wood was now made of gourd, with metal frets and a bone nut on the neck. In the late Mughal Empire (1707–1858), the instrument began to take on its modern shape. has no historical or musical foundation". invading Muslims simply changed into Persian the name of an existing Hindu instrument . According to Dick, the "modern view that . The instrument was used for "Persian and Hindu melodies". Looking at the musicians (the way they played their instruments in surviving images, their identities that were recorded) led historian Alastair Dick to conclude that the instrument was being adopted for Hindu music by Hindu musicians. They were beginning to change in images from the period, an instrument resembling an Uzbek dutar or a tambūrā is being played on the shoulder, with the "deep bridge of the modern sitar and the tambūrā". In the early Mughal Empire (1526–1707), tanbur-style instruments continued to be used in court. However, according to Allyn Miner, the evidence for this theory is too weak for any conclusion. Indian temple sculptures from the 9th and 10th centuries are known to feature sitar-like instruments. Īnother, more minor hypothesis is that the sitar is derived from locally developed Indian instruments, such as the veena, prior to the arrival of Islam.
Whatever instruments he might have played, no record exists from this period using the name "sitar". However, the tradition of Amir Khusrow is considered discredited by some scholars. It was also theorized in Muslim tradition that the sitar was invented, or rather developed by Amir Khusrow ( c. 1253–1325), a famous Sufi inventor, poet and pioneer of Khyal, Tarana and Qawwali, during the 13th century. In this early period, the Muslim instrument was linked to the tradition of Sufi ecstatic dance, "sufiānā rang". According to this view, when Muslim rule began in Northern India in 1192, the conquerors brought with them tanbur-family instruments, and other instruments in their "multi-national" army. Allyn Miner, a concert performer and a Senior Lecturer in the Department of South Asia Studies at the University of Pennsylvania suggests that the evidence of indigenous long-necked lutes in India is particularly lacking. The book "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" suggests possibility of the sitar's origin as that evolved from one or more instruments of the tanbūr family, long necked lutes which it argues were introduced and popularised during the period of Mughal rule. This instrument does not have sympathetic strings. The word Sitar is derived from the Persian word sehtar, meaning "three- stringed." History ġ9th-century sitar. The advent of Psychedelic culture during the mid- to late 1960s created a trend for the use of the sitar in Western popular music, with the instrument appearing on tracks by bands such as the Beatles, the Doors, the Rolling Stones and others. Used widely throughout the Indian subcontinent, the sitar became popularly known in the wider world through the works of Ravi Shankar, beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Another view supported by a minority of scholars is that Khusrau Khan developed it from Veena.
According to most historians, he developed the sitar from the setar, an Iranian instrument of Abbasid or Safavid origin. Khusrau Khan, an 18th-century figure of the Mughal Empire has been identified by modern scholarship as the inventor of the sitar. The instrument was invented in medieval India, flourished in the 18th century, and arrived at its present form in 19th-century India. The sitar ( English: / ˈ s ɪ t ɑːr/ or / s ɪ ˈ t ɑːr/ IAST: sitāra) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music.
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